The global push towards clean energy is driving a surge in demand for critical energy transition minerals such as cobalt and nickel – essential for electric vehicles, batteries and renewable technologies. Mineral-rich developing countries stand to benefit. But without targeted policies, the gains risk bypassing women.

Drawing on case studies from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Indonesia, the report shows that while demand, investment and downstream processing are accelerating, women remain largely confined to low-paid, informal and high-risk roles in critical minerals value chains.

Turning the energy transition into a driver of inclusive development will require deliberate, gender-responsive action. The report offers evidence and policy-relevant insights to help ensure that the critical minerals boom delivers tangible benefits for women.

Report by the United Nations Conference on Trade & Development