In an era defined by radical uncertainty, the Global State of Democracy 2025 reveals the depth and breadth of the challenges facing democratic governance worldwide. Drawing on the latest data from the Global State of Democracy Indices, the report documents a troubling trend: more than half of all countries assessed have declined in at least one key aspect of democratic performance over the past five years. Representation, Rights, Rule of Law and Participation—the four pillars of democracy—are under strain, with unprecedented global declines in judicial independence, press freedom and electoral integrity. Even high-performing democracies are not immune, as shifting political landscapes and weakening institutions challenge long-held assumptions about democratic resilience.

The report also explores the profound implications of global migration for democracy and democratic institutions. With 304 million people now living outside their country of birth, questions of belonging, rights and participation are more urgent than ever. Focusing on the technical, legal and institutional dimensions of voting rights for citizens abroad, it shows how inclusive out-of-country voting can strengthen democratic resilience—yet also warns that participation remains low and policies often inadequate.

Report by The Global State of Democracy Initiative