Madagascar President Andry Rajoelina named army General Ruphin Fortunat Zafisambo as prime minister on Monday, a week after dissolving the government in response to ongoing protests over power and water shortages.

Zafisambo replaced Prime Minister Christian Ntsay, who was dismissed as part of the president's move. The general was the director of the military cabinet in the prime minister's office until this appointment.

Ahead of naming him, Rajoelina said the country needed a "prime minister capable of restoring order and the people’s trust."

He added that Zafisambo's top priority would be to restore electricity and water supply.

Earlier on Monday, protesters returned to the streets in the African island nation for a third week of anti-government demonstrations.

Rajoelina fired his cabinet last week, but many demonstrators are now demanding the 51-year-old leader resign himself.

Police in the capital Antananarivo fired tear gas to disperse the marchers, a Reuters reporter said. Many were university students who aired broader grievances against the government in protests last month.

Inspired by similar "Gen Z" marches in Kenya and Nepal, the protests are the largest wave of unrest on the Indian Ocean island nation in recent years, giving voice to discontent over rampant poverty and high-level corruption.

Malagasy television stations showed images on Monday of police officers confronting protesters in the southern city of Toliara and the northern city of Diego Suarez.

Despite significant mineral wealth, biodiversity and agricultural land, Madagascar is among the poorest countries in the world, having seen income per capita fall 45% between independence in 1960 and 2020.

The United Nations said that at least 22 people were killed and more than 100 injured in the initial days of the protests, figures the government has rejected.

Rajoelina said in a speech on Friday that he was ready to listen to the protesters' grievances but ignored calls for his resignation.

A spokesperson for Rajoelina's office told Reuters over the weekend that the protest movement was being "exploited by political actors who are seeking to destabilise the country".

"President Rajoelina remains committed to dialogue, to accelerating solutions that improve people's daily lives," she said in a statement.

In a separate statement on Monday, the presidency said some civil society organisations met Rajoelina on Saturday, without providing details.

Other organisations said in their own statement that they had refused to participate because authorities had not provided assurances that demonstrations could go ahead unhindered and that arrested protesters would be released.